Science, 14 DECEMBER 2018, VOL 362, ISSUE 6420
《科学》2018年12月14日第6420期362卷
材料学Materialogy
3D nanofabrication by volumetric deposition and controlled shrinkage of patterned scaffolds
新纳米制造方法
作者：Daniel Oran、Samuel G.Rodriques、Ruixuan Gao、ShohAsano、Mark A. Skylar-Scott，etal
链接：
摘要：
研究人员展示了一种新的纳米制造方法，它突破了原先的多种局限，它能用各种材料创建纳米尺度的3D结构，，且几乎不受形状或设计复杂性等的羁绊。
尽管目前的纳米制造技术能生成纳米尺度的结构，但它们大多受到无法制造复杂形状或几何结构的限制。
因此，一种能生成复杂自由形态的纳米级物体的多用途3D纳米制造技术对研发各种机械、电气和生物装置十分有用。
本论文介绍了一种3D打印纳米级材料的方法——“内爆制造”。他们使用一种悬浮在水合凝胶内的可在其上打印纳米材料的光摹支架。当该凝胶脱水时，其内的支架会内爆，从而将该物体连同它缩减至纳米水平。
研究人员通过在金属银内打印高导电性3D纳米结构展示了这一过程；这些纳米结构会在缩小后保留其形状及分离的金属纳米结构的复杂阵列。
Abstract
Lithographic nanofabrication is often limited to successive fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) layers. We present a strategy for the direct assembly of 3D nanomaterials consisting of metals, semiconductors, and biomolecules arranged in virtually any 3D geometry. We used hydrogels as scaffolds for volumetric deposition of materials at defined points in space. We then optically patterned these scaffolds in three dimensions, attached one or more functional materials, and then shrank and dehydrated them in a controlled way to achieve nanoscale feature sizes in a solid substrate. We demonstrate that our process, Implosion Fabrication (ImpFab), can directly write highly conductive, 3D silver nanostructures within an acrylic scaffold via volumetric silver deposition. Using ImpFab, we achieve resolutions in the tens of nanometers and complex, non–self-supporting 3D geometries of interest for optical metamaterials.
